Discover the key players holding Bitcoin—public companies, private institutions, and even governments. Explore their strategies and the growing role of digital assets.In the dynamic world of finance, Bitcoin has emerged as a revolutionary asset, reshaping treasury management. With interest rates easing and purchasing power concerns growing, public and private entities are turning to Bitcoin as a store of value, with companies like MicroStrategy leading the trend.

Bitcoin holders range from public companies and private institutions to governments. Businesses across sectors, from tech to automotive, are adding Bitcoin to their balance sheets, and countries like El Salvador have incorporated it into their national treasuries. This overview highlights the major entities holding Bitcoin and the rising role of digital assets in treasury management.

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Public Companies with Significant Bitcoin Holdings

As you explore the landscape of bitcoin treasury holders, you'll find a diverse range of public companies that have embraced this digital asset as part of their financial strategy. These organizations span various industries, from tech giants to automotive manufacturers, each with their own motivations for holding bitcoin. Let's take a closer look at some of the most prominent public companies with significant bitcoin holdings.

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Strategy (Formerly known as MicroStrategy) - $MSTR

BTC Holdings: 632,457

Strategy, a business intelligence company, stands out as the largest corporate holder of bitcoin. As of August 25, 2025, Strategy owns 632,457 BTC, with an average purchase price of USD 73,527 per bitcoin. The company's total investment in bitcoin amounts to USD 46.5 billion. 

Strategy continues its aggressive accumulation strategy, often using proceeds from stock and convertible note offerings to fund its purchases. The company, under the leadership of its former CEO Michael Saylor, remains a prominent advocate for Bitcoin as a primary treasury reserve asset.

‍Latest News: MicroStrategy, now Strategy, the company known for its significant Bitcoin holdings, has announced an ambitious plan to raise $42 billion over the next three years. This capital will be used to further increase its Bitcoin reserves. The plan, dubbed "21/21," involves raising $21 billion through equity offerings and another $21 billion through debt financing.

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Mara Holdings - $MARA

BTC Holdings: 50,639

Mara Holdings, a bitcoin mining company, currently owns 50,639 BTC as of July 2025. This significant holding is valued at approximately USD 5.66 billion. Mara has been mining bitcoin since its founding in 2010 and has a strategy of holding a substantial portion of the bitcoin it mines. The company only sells bitcoin to cover operational costs and for general corporate purposes. With a current installed hash rate of 58.9 EH/S as of August 2025, Mara continues to be a major player in the bitcoin mining industry.

*For a glance at Bitcoin Miners read Who Are the Biggest Public Bitcoin Miners?

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XXI Twenty One - $XXI

BTC Holdings: 43,514
‍XXI Twenty One is a Bitcoin-native investment firm that intends to be publicly listed through a SPAC merger with Cantor Equity Partners. The company's sole purpose is to accumulate and hold Bitcoin for its shareholders, functioning similarly to an exchange-traded fund (ETF) but as a corporate entity. Upon the expected closing of its business combination, XXI Twenty One's holdings are projected to increase to at least 43,500 BTC, positioning it as a significant player in the Bitcoin treasury space.

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BSTR Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company - $BSTR

BTC Holdings: 30,021
‍The Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company (BSTR) is an upcoming publicly traded Bitcoin treasury firm, preparing for its public debut via a merger with a SPAC. Led by renowned cryptographer Adam Back, BSTR's strategy is to be a pure-play Bitcoin holding company. The company will launch with over 30,000 BTC on its balance sheet, placing it among the top corporate holders. This move highlights a growing trend of companies designed exclusively to provide Bitcoin exposure.

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BLSH Bullish - $BLSH

BTC Holdings: 24,000
‍Bullish is an institutionally focused digital asset company that provides market infrastructure and services. As of M 2025, Bullish holds a significant treasury of 24,000 BTC. The company's strategic decision to hold Bitcoin is part of its broader engagement in the digital asset ecosystem, which includes operating a regulated exchange.

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RIOT Platforms - $RIOT

BTC Holdings: 19,287

Riot Platforms is one of the largest Bitcoin mining companies in North America. Its business model centers on large-scale mining operations and accumulating a strategic Bitcoin reserve. As of August 2025, Riot holds 19,28 BTC. The company's holdings act as a financial reserve and a tool for growth, as it occasionally sells a portion of its mined Bitcoin to fund operational expansions.

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MTPLF Metaplanet Inc - $MTPLF

BTC Holdings: 18,991
‍Metaplanet Inc. is a Japanese investment firm that has aggressively adopted a Bitcoin treasury strategy, drawing comparisons to MicroStrategy. Using revenue from its traditional businesses, Metaplanet has been actively accumulating Bitcoin, with holdings reaching 18,991 BTC as of late August 2025. This makes it one of the first and most prominent publicly traded Japanese companies to embrace Bitcoin as a core treasury asset.

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DJT Trump Media & Technology Group Corp - $DJT

BTC Holdings: 15,000
‍Trump Media & Technology Group Corp. (DJT), the parent company of Truth Social, has recently entered the Bitcoin treasury space. The company holds 15,000 BTC, demonstrating its strategic move to diversify its assets into digital currencies. This decision positions DJT as a notable new entrant among public companies with significant Bitcoin reserves.

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CleanSpark

BTC Holdings: 12,703

CleanSpark is a U.S.-based Bitcoin mining company with a focus on sustainable and energy-efficient operations. The company has successfully grown its Bitcoin treasury, holding 12,703 BTC as of late August 2025. CleanSpark's strategy involves mining new coins and retaining a portion on its balance sheet, while also selling some to manage its financial operations and infrastructure expansion. The company continues to invest in scaling its mining fleet and hash rate, which now exceeds 50 EH/s.

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Coinbase

BTC Holdings: 11,776

Coinbase, one of the world's leading cryptocurrency exchanges, holds 11,776 BTC on its corporate balance sheet as of August 2025. These holdings are distinct from the vast amounts of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies the company custodies for its clients. Coinbase's treasury position is part of its corporate investment portfolio, demonstrating its internal commitment to the digital assets it facilitates for millions of users.

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Tesla

BTC Holdings: 11,509

Tesla, the electric vehicle and clean energy company led by Elon Musk, has also made significant investments in bitcoin. As of the latest reports, Tesla holds 11,509 bitcoin, valued at approximately USD 1.1 billion. Tesla's journey with bitcoin has been eventful, starting with a USD 1.5 billion purchase in February 2021. 

The company initially bought around 43,000 BTC at an average cost of USD 38,000. However, Tesla has since sold a portion of its holdings, citing liquidity concerns related to COVID-19 shutdowns in China. Despite these sales, Tesla continues to maintain a substantial bitcoin position on its balance sheet and has recently acquired 1,789 bitcoin ad reported at their year end 2024 filing.

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Private Companies and Institutions Holding Bitcoin

While public companies have been making headlines with their bitcoin holdings, private companies and institutions have also been quietly accumulating significant amounts of the cryptocurrency. These entities, not subject to the same public disclosure requirements, have been adopting bitcoin as a reserve asset for various reasons. Let's explore some of the most notable private bitcoin holders and their motivations.

Block.one

BTC Holdings: 164,000

Block.one is a Chinese technology company renowned for its role in developing the EOS.IO blockchain protocol. Founded in 2017, Block.one is central to the EOS ecosystem, which aims to provide a scalable and flexible platform for decentralized applications and smart contracts. The company is known for its ambitious vision of creating a blockchain infrastructure that can support high-performance decentralized applications.

Block.one holds approximately 164,000 BTC, making it one of the largest private holders of Bitcoin. This significant reserve highlights Block.one’s confidence in the long-term potential of Bitcoin and its commitment to integrating cryptocurrency into its broader technological strategy. The company's substantial Bitcoin holdings underscore its belief in the value of digital assets and their role in the evolving landscape of blockchain technology.

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Tether Holdings

BTC Holdings: 100,521

Tether Holdings Limited, the company behind the USDT stablecoin, has emerged as a major player in the bitcoin space. As of December 2024, Tether owns roughly 100,521 BTC, valued at approximately USD 8 billion. 

Tether's bitcoin holdings have been steadily increasing, with the company announcing its intention to allocate up to 15% of its net realized operating profits towards purchasing bitcoin. This strategy aligns with Tether's goal of diversifying its reserves and capitalizing on the potential growth of the cryptocurrency market.

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SpaceX

BTC Holdings: 8,285

SpaceX, founded by Elon Musk in 2002, is a pioneering private aerospace manufacturer and space transportation company. Known for its ambitious goal of reducing space travel costs and enabling the colonization of Mars, SpaceX has achieved numerous milestones, including the development of the Falcon 1, Falcon 9, and Falcon Heavy rockets, as well as the Dragon spacecraft.

The company’s significant Bitcoin reserve of 8,285 BTC reflects its strategic approach to asset management and its broader interest in digital currencies. SpaceX’s investment in Bitcoin aligns with Musk's known enthusiasm for cryptocurrencies and serves as a hedge against economic fluctuations while supporting its expansive technological and exploratory objectives.

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The Tezos Foundation

BTC Holdings: 2,903

The Tezos Foundation is a Swiss-based nonprofit organization focused on fostering the development and adoption of the Tezos blockchain. Founded to support the growth of the Tezos ecosystem, the foundation provides funding and grants to projects that contribute to the advancement of blockchain technology and its applications. It also engages in community education and promotes ethical practices within the blockchain space. 

The foundation’s holdings of 2,903 BTC demonstrate its commitment to leveraging digital assets as part of its broader mission to drive innovation and support the development of transformative technologies.

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Government and Sovereign Wealth Fund Bitcoin Holdings

As you explore the landscape of bitcoin adoption by governments, you'll find a diverse range of approaches and motivations. From pioneering legal tender status to managing seized assets, countries are navigating the complexities of cryptocurrency in various ways. Let's examine some notable examples of government bitcoin holdings.

Bhutan

BTC Holdings: 10,565

Bhutan has quietly emerged as one of the top five countries by Bitcoin holdings, with approximately 10,565 BTC in its reserves. Unlike nations like the U.S. and China, which primarily hold Bitcoin from criminal asset seizures, Bhutan's holdings are a result of active participation in the cryptocurrency market. 

The country leverages its abundant hydroelectric power to mine Bitcoin through state-backed operations, aiming to diversify its economy. Bhutan’s proactive approach to accumulating Bitcoin distinguishes it as one of the largest holders of sovereign Bitcoin reserves not tied to asset seizures.

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El Salvador

BTC Holdings: 6,281

El Salvador has made history as the first country to adopt bitcoin as legal tender. Unlike other governments that primarily hold cryptocurrencies through seizures, El Salvador has been actively purchasing bitcoin. The country's holdings now stand at 6,281 BTC, valued at approximately USD 0.58 billion. Since November 2022, the government has implemented a "1 Bitcoin per Day" programme, purchasing 1 BTC daily regardless of its market value. This proactive approach has placed El Salvador at the forefront of national cryptocurrency adoption.

President Nayib Bukele's administration has taken several steps to integrate bitcoin into the country's economy. The government distributed USD 30 in bitcoin to citizens who signed up for the Chivo electronic wallet, allocating up to USD 75 million for this initiative. Additionally, El Salvador has announced plans to build Bitcoin City, a circular city at the base of the Conchagua volcano, which would provide geothermal energy for bitcoin mining.

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USA

BTC Holdings: 198,021

The United States holds over 198,012 BTC, entirely from asset seizures, such as the Silk Road case. While it sold over 40,000 BTC in late 2022, no further sales have been made since March 2023, aside from a+10,000 BTC transfer mid August 2024. It's important to note that roughly 90,000 BTC in U.S. custody belongs to victims of the Bitfinex hack and is not for the government to hold or sell. 

Recently re-elected President Trump recently announced the U.S. Bitcoin Strategic Reserve initiative, proposing to retain the nation’s Bitcoin holdings for the long term. While this initiative currently focuses on not selling Bitcoin, expectations are growing that the U.S. will transition toward a Bitcoin Strategic Federal Reserve—a buy-and-hold strategy. Additionally, several U.S. states are anticipated to adopt similar policies before the establishment of a federally recognized Bitcoin reserve.

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For countries like China and the United Kingdom, Bitcoin holdings are primarily the result of criminal asset seizures. China’s roughly 190,000 BTC holdings stem from the PlusToken Ponzi scheme, while the UK’s 61,245 BTC comes from a significant money laundering case. The future of these assets is uncertain, as these countries may choose to liquidate them or retain them, potentially aligning or front running a yet to be aprooved U.S. Bitcoin Strategic Reserve.

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