When Strategy began accumulating Bitcoin on its balance sheet, it arguably ushered in a new corporate era in which publicly traded companies could use digital assets as strategic reserve — a path we might call the “Strategy playbook.” Over time, that model expanded beyond Bitcoin $BTC into other crypto assets such as Ether $ETH and Solana $SOL. Whereas BTC treasuries revolve around price appreciation and portfolio diversification, $ETH and $SOL treasuries also bring yield opportunities (staking, validator rewards, DeFi exposure). In this article we survey the state of public or semi-public ETH treasury companies and SOL treasury companies: who they are, how much they hold, how they execute strategy, and where this trend might go.

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ETH Treasury Companies: Who’s Accumulating Ether?

What is an “ETH treasury company”?

An ETH treasury company is a public (or quasi-public) entity that holds a meaningful amount of Ether on its corporate balance sheet, often with the intention to generate yield (via staking or validator operations) or to expose shareholders to ETH’s upside. These firms often combine treasury holdings with blockchain infrastructure operations (validators, staking, DeFi participation) to turn passive ETH accumulation into an active strategy.

Aggregate ETH Treasuries

According to CoinGecko’s treasury tracker, 12 institutions (public companies and governments) are recorded to hold 3,783,196 ETH in total, currently valued at roughly USD 14.8 billion — representing about 3.13% of Ethereum’s total supply

It’s important to note that this tracker is conservative (only public entities, only disclosed amounts) and real holdings may be bigger. But it gives a useful baseline.

Top Public ETH Holding Companies

Several noteworthy names lead the ETH treasury landscape:

BitMine Immersion Technologies (Ticker: BMNR)

Market Cap: $13.4B | ETH Holdings: 2,400,000 ∼$9.4B
BitMine began as a crypto mining and hosting services company, offering immersion-cooled infrastructure for Bitcoin and other digital asset miners. Its business revolved around mining operations, hardware hosting, and revenue-sharing models with clients, positioning itself as a player in the blockchain infrastructure space before reorienting toward Ethereum accumulation.

SharpLink Gaming (Ticker: SBET)

Market Cap: $3B | ETH Holdings: 838,728 ∼$3.3B
SharpLink operates in the online gaming and sports betting technology sector, developing solutions for real-time odds integration, fantasy sports, and sportsbook connectivity. Its entry into Ethereum accumulation complements its broader ambition to blend gaming with blockchain-based financial rails, expanding its brand beyond traditional betting tech.

Coinbase (Ticker: COIN)

Market Cap: $79B | ETH Holdings: 136,782 ∼$540M
Coinbase is one of the largest cryptocurrency exchanges in the world, providing trading, custody, staking, and wallet services to millions of retail and institutional clients. While its ETH holdings are part of its balance sheet management, its main business remains facilitating crypto access, liquidity, and infrastructure for the global digital asset economy.

Bit Digital (Ticker: BTBT)

Market Cap: $920M | ETH Holdings: 121,252 ∼$478M
Bit Digital is a U.S.-based Bitcoin mining company that has diversified into Ethereum and other digital assets as part of its treasury and operational strategy. The company originally built its profile on large-scale mining operations and infrastructure investments before broadening into multi-asset crypto exposure.

ETHZilla (formerly 180 Life Sciences, Ticker: ETHZ)

Market Cap: $378M | ETH Holdings: 102,246 ∼$400M
Originally a biotech company focused on anti-inflammatory therapeutics, 180 Life Sciences abandoned its pharmaceutical pipeline to reinvent itself as ETHZilla, a crypto-first treasury and investment vehicle. The pivot marked a full departure from biotech into digital assets, signaling the company’s shift from drug development to blockchain capital markets.

Strategy Focus & Risks

These ETH treasury firms generally follow a few strategic guidelines:

1. Staking / Validator Yield — Instead of letting ETH sit idle, many allocate a portion to staking or validator nodes to earn yield, which can compound returns.
2. At-the-Market (ATM) Issuance — Some firms issue equity or debt and convert proceeds into ETH, in effect funding ETH acquisition from capital markets. (This mirrors the playbook of Bitcoin treasury firms.) Webopedia+3Cointelegraph+3Yahoo Finanzas+3
   • SharpLink, for example, issues ATM equity to raise capital for ETH purchases. Cointelegraph+1
   • BitMine similarly uses its capital capabilities to fund accumulating ETH. Business Insider
3. Risk Management / Hedging — Some portion of capital stays liquid or in stablecoins to buffer against volatility or liquidity needs (as ETHZilla does with its USD stablecoins). Investopedia+1
4. Market Signalling / Branding — Being an ETH treasury company can enhance brand identity in Web3, attracting investor attention, partnerships, and stakeholder alignment with Ethereum’s ecosystem.

However, there are risks:

• Volatility & drawdowns — ETH can suffer steep corrections, which can dramatically affect corporate balance sheets.
• Regulatory uncertainty — Counting ETH as a “reserve asset” may entail accounting, tax, or securities regulation risks.
• Liquidity risk — Large ETH holdings can be illiquid to unload, especially in market stress.
• Operational risk — Running staking/validator infrastructure carries technical, security, and slashing risks.

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SOL Treasury Companies: The New Wave

While ETH treasuries are more established, SOL treasuries are a rising frontier. Companies holding SOL often combine acquisition with staking/validator operations, bridging treasury accumulation with network participation.

What is a “SOL treasury company”?

A SOL treasury company is a public (or semi-public) entity that holds meaningful amounts of SOL, often staking or delegating it to earn yield, and using that balance to build enterprise value tied to Solana's growth. Because Solana is a proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain, SOL treasuries can earn staking rewards and sometimes participate in DeFi, lending, or infrastructure roles.

As CoinGecko explains, SOL treasury companies aim to convert corporate cash reserves into productive assets (SOL) and leverage staking yields, validator revenue, or other on-chain strategies.

Leading SOL Treasury Entities & Holdings

As of mid-2025, several public companies have pivoted to SOL treasuries. Some of the largest are:

Forward Industries (Ticker: FORD)

Market Cap: $2.5B | SOL Holdings: 6,822,000 ∼$1.3B
Forward Industries historically designed and distributed carrying cases and mobile device accessories, catering to the healthcare and tech markets. Its pivot to becoming a Solana treasury firm marks a dramatic reinvention from a small-cap consumer products business into a blockchain-oriented balance sheet play.

DeFi Development Corp. (Ticker: DFDV)

Market Cap: $379M | SOL Holdings: 2,095,748 ∼$406.5M
DeFi Development Corp. is positioned as a blockchain-native enterprise building products and services around decentralized finance, such as liquidity provision, staking, and smart contract applications. Its SOL treasury holdings reinforce its identity as a DeFi infrastructure company rather than a traditional corporate operator.

Upexi (Ticker: UPXI)

Market Cap: $304M | SOL Holdings: 2,018,419 ∼$391.5M
Upexi began as a diversified holding company with consumer packaged goods and brand aggregation businesses, including e-commerce and Amazon storefront operations. Its embrace of a SOL treasury strategy serves as a hedge and diversification tool, leveraging crypto markets to stabilize and potentially outperform its struggling consumer business.

Sharps Technology (Ticker: STSS)

Market Cap: $179.6M | SOL Holdings: 2,000,000 ∼$388M
Sharps Technology is a medical device company specializing in safety syringes and drug delivery systems. Its entry into the Solana treasury space represents a diversification far removed from its healthcare roots, using crypto holdings to complement — and in some ways overshadow — its core syringe technology operations.

Sol Strategies (Ticker: HODL.CN)

Market Cap: $149.6M| SOL Holdings: 435,064 ∼$84.4M
SOL Strategies began life as Cypherpunk Holdings, a Canada-listed investment vehicle focused on privacy technology and cryptocurrency exposure (notably Bitcoin and privacy coins). In September 2024, the company rebranded to SOL Strategies and shifted its core strategy toward Solana — staking, validator operations, and investing in Solana-based infrastructure. Under new leadership, SOL Strategies sold down most of its Bitcoin holdings and redeployed capital into SOL, acquiring validators and staking capacity to become a more infrastructure-centric firm.

Strategy & Mechanics in SOL Treasuries

SOL treasury companies often adopt several tactical components:

1. Staking & Delegation — A core difference from simple holding: SOL treasuries typically stake or delegate their SOL to validator nodes (often their own infrastructure or trusted validators) to earn staking yield.
2. Validator Infrastructure — By running their own validators, these firms internalize staking rewards and improve control over uptime, commission, and security.
3. Capital Markets Financing — Some issue equity or debt (or do ATM offerings) to raise capital which is converted into SOL, combining traditional finance with blockchain asset acquisition. Crypto Briefing+3Forward Industries+3Helius+3
4. Onchain Strategy / DeFi Exposure — Firms may deploy SOL into yield-bearing protocols (lending, staking derivatives, liquidity provision) or arbitrage between off-chain and on-chain rates.
5. NAV & Premium Capture — If the company trade price is at a premium over its net asset value (mNAV), issuing shares can be accretive: you raise capital at inflated prices and convert to SOL at lower “real cost.” This dynamic, as one blog notes, mirrors the Strategy (Bitcoin) model. Helius
6. Ecosystem Alignment & Branding — As with ETH treasuries, being a SOL treasury helps position the firm within the Solana ecosystem, attracting partnerships, developer interest, and token-focused investors.

Risks & Challenges

SOL treasuries share many of the same risks as ETH, plus some nuances:

• Network risk — Solana has seen outages and periods of congestion, which could impact staking returns or validator uptime.
• Slashing / commission misconfiguration — If validators are penalized, it could affect treasury returns.
• Liquidity & volatility risk — SOL’s market may see steep swings, which can hurt the value of reserved positions.
• Competition & dilution risk — If too many firms issue equity to acquire SOL, or if many SOL treasuries saturate the market, returns might compress.
• Regulation — Token holdings may be scrutinized under securities, tax, or disclosure regimes.

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ETH vs SOL Treasuries: Comparative View & Outlook

Scale & Maturity

ETH treasury firms are farther along in scale and visibility. The ETH ecosystem is more mature for staking infrastructure, tooling, accounting models, and regulatory scrutiny. ETH treasuries have acquired large stakes and are already in the public consciousness.

SOL treasuries are more nascent but growing rapidly. Solana’s low transaction costs, speed, and yield potential make its token more compelling for yield-driven treasury strategies. But SOL treasuries tend to be smaller in absolute USD exposure (for now) compared to ETH treasuries.

Yield & Return Profile

• ETH treasuries often rely on staking yields (or liquid staking), but yields tend to be more modest compared to early-stage yield opportunities in newer chains.
• SOL treasuries may offer higher yield percentages depending on staking conditions, validator commissions, and DeFi opportunities.
• Both models benefit from token price appreciation, but the SOL model has a more aggressive yield component baked in.

Risk / Volatility

SOL is younger and less battle-tested; network outages or forks may be more likely. ETH, being a major chain, has deeper infrastructure but also serves as a bigger target for regulation or macro pressure. ETH treasuries face more scrutiny.

Branding & Ecosystem Impact

ETH treasury companies help align firms with Ethereum’s DeFi, smart contract infrastructure, NFT, and layer-2s. SOL treasury firms align with Solana’s developer ecosystem, low-latency dApps, and fast-time financial primitives.

Lessons from the Bitcoin / Strategy Playbook

The success of MicroStrategy’s Bitcoin accumulation (the “Strategy playbook”) informs much of the ethos behind ETH and SOL treasuries. That model is: issue equity, use capital to acquire digital asset, hold (or stake), and ride upside (while possibly compounding). That playbook is now being adapted for ETH and SOL, with added complexity from staking and validator operations. Some SOL articles explicitly note that issuance at a premium and capital markets arbitrage echo the Strategy approach. Helius+1

However, SOL and ETH treasuries are riskier and more operationally complex than pure Bitcoin treasuries. Unlike BTC, they require active on-chain participation, infrastructure maintenance, and more nuanced treasury risk controls.

Conclusion & Future Outlook

The rise of ETH and SOL treasury companies marks a maturing of crypto-native corporate finance. Where Bitcoin treasuries were once the marquee narrative, the field is now expanding to include productive digital assets that can generate yield and participate in their native ecosystems.

• On the ETH side, firms like BitMine, SharpLink, ETHZilla, and BTCS are pushing the boundaries of combining staking, capital markets, and balance-sheet crypto exposure.
• On the SOL side, newer entrants like Forward Industries, Upexi, DeFi Development, and SOL Strategies are proving that SOL treasuries can be powerful vehicles for growth and investor alignment.
• The strategy blueprint often echoes MicroStrategy’s BTC playbook, but with additional layers of operational complexity, yield mechanics, and network risk.

Over the next few years, the ETH and SOL treasury trend will likely face several inflection points: regulatory clarity, performance during market downturns, capital market arbitrage dynamics, and network-level stability (staking rewards, network upgrades, slashing events). Those companies that execute well — combining capital markets discipline, secure infrastructure, and prudent risk controls — may become flagship drivers of the institutional crypto narrative beyond Bitcoin.

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